Last reviewed:
Jul 20th 2023
M.A., LPCC
Abusive relationships can involve more than physical violence and aggression. They may also include coercive control, which involves physical and verbal abuse and/or controlling behaviors aimed at limiting an individual’s autonomy, abilities, and choice. In many cases of domestic abuse, coercive control is used to control partners or other family members for the benefit of the abuser.
Coercive control is a form of domestic abuse. It involves a pattern of physical, emotional, and verbal acts that cause fear and submission as a means to gain control [1].
The abuser deprives their victim of their independence by preventing them from being able to make any decisions or actions of their own choice. This causes the victim to be trapped by their abuser, and at times entirely dependent on them [2].
In many cases of coercive control, abusive behaviors are not apparent at the start of the relationship. Many abusers gradually increase controlling behaviors over time, intentionally deceiving their partner [3].
Knowing the signs of coercive control can help to recognize them when they occur. Signs of coercive control include [1][3][4]:
Coercive control and other aspects of domestic abuse can have severe consequences, such as:
Coercive control can occur within many types of relationships. It often occurs within the home by a partner, spouse, parent, or carer [3].
Most reported cases involve a male using coercive control on a female partner. However, there are cases in which males report being coercively controlled by a female partner and coercive control occurring within non-heterosexual relationships [1][2].
People who use coercive control or commit acts of domestic violence and abuse often have traits such as [8]:
These traits are common features of various personality disorders, including narcissistic, borderline, and anti-social personality disorders. As such, many abusers meet the criteria for one or more of these conditions [8]. However, it is important to point out that not all people with these conditions are abusive or use coercive control.
The following can be helpful advice for managing or escaping coercive control [1][3][5][9]:
First, it is important to understand you are not to blame for this abuse occurring, despite what your abuser has told you. Similarly, it is important to recognize that you have been manipulated and controlled by their behaviors. Recognizing this abusive behavior can help you to challenge or escape from it.
If you are in relationship dominated by coercive control, it is essential to try and leave this relationship as quickly and safely as possible. If you can, find a way to tell this person you are ending the relationship and leave immediately, cutting all communication.
Walking away is not always possible, particularly if the individual controls your finances or isolates you from your support system. However, some legislation and services can support you.
If you can, try to regain relationships with friends and family or contact those still in your life. Speaking with loved ones can help you recognize abuse and provide you with the support you need to report or leave the abuser.
You may find reading how others have coped with similar situations useful. Survivors of coercive control and domestic abuse have written many books, blogs, and websites. Their stories can help you understand safe ways to leave your abuser and how to overcome the effects of their behaviors.
There are many advice lines you can call to speak with a professional who can help you understand how to manage your situation safely. They can advise you on reporting abuse, finding safe places to go, or seeking professional support to help manage your well-being.
There are many services and organizations that provide safe accommodations to individuals in abusive relationships. This can be particularly helpful for those without access to finances or support and could offer a safe space to go while putting a long-term plan in place.
In some countries and states, coercive control is a criminal offense, and individuals can be prosecuted and serve a prison sentence for this abuse. Alternatively, you can call the police to help you put a restraining order in place, thus helping to protect you from your abuser.
In either circumstance, it can be helpful to your case if you are able to gather evidence. This might be a written record of occasions of abuse, photos of physical injuries or property damage, or verbal conversations with friends or professionals. However, if you cannot gather evidence, you can still call the police and make a case, as your statement is considered evidence.
If your abuser monitors or checks your devices and possessions, you may need to keep records, photos, and call logs somewhere they cannot find them, such as with a trusted friend or at work. Do not do anything that could put you at risk of harm.
After leaving a controlling relationship, it is vital to find ways to manage the impact of your experiences, to help protect or improve your well-being. This could include aspects of self-care, such as increasing your dietary intake, sleep, or exercise. It may also be helpful to seek professional help from a therapist to discuss and overcome traumatic experiences.
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